範例

sum = 0;
for (i=0; i<=10; i++)
  sum = sum + i;

sum = 0;
foreach (i in 1..10)
  sum = sum + i;

for (i=1; i<=9; i++)
  for (j=1; j<=9; j++)
    println(i, "*", j, "=", i*j);

use c3.windows;          // 加入 windows 的領域知識。 if Create a Control, then add the Control into it's Parent.
						 // 做法 : redefine Control.new() to Controls.add(Control.new());


Window Editor {
  file = "";
  textBox = TextBox();
  
  Menu FileMenu {
    Menu OpenFile {
      bgcolor = "#ffffff";
      void onClick() {
        file = FileDialog.Choose();
        debug(file, 3*5+i-k);
        return file;
      }
    }
 
    Menu NewFile {
      void onClick() {
        IO.textToFile(textBox.text, file);
        textBox.text = "";
      }
    }
  }
}

class Editor : Window {
  String file = "";
  TextBox textBox = new TextBox();
  FileMenu FileMenu1 = new FileMenu();
  Editor() {
    add(file1);
    add(TextBox);
  }
}


class FileMenu : Menu {
  File file;
  
  OpenFile OpenFile1 = new OpenFile();
  NewFile NewFile1 = new NewFile();
  
  FileMenu() {
    add(OpenFile1);
    add(NewFile1);
  }
}


class OpenFile : Menu {
  OpenFile() {
    bgcolor = "#ffffff";
  }
  void onClick() {
    String file = FileDialog.Choose();
    debug(file, 3*5+i-k);
    return file;
  }
}


class NewFile : Menu {
  void onClick() {
    file.save(textBox.text);
    textBox.text = "";
  }
}

class stack {
  items = []
  push(o) { items.append(o); }
  pop() { return items.removeLast(); }
}


listTest.c3
<code>
a = [ 1 "hello" 3.12 [ 2 3 4] ]
foreach (o in a)
  print(o);

設計原則

C3 : BNF Syntax

keywords = if, for, while, else, foreach, class, return, yield, rename, null, and, or, not, public, private, protected, static, new
baseType = int, float, byte, char, string, 
pre_op1  = + - ! 
op2      = + - << >> && || and or
op2mul   = * /
post_op1 = ++ --
assign_op= =  <- ->
pair     = { } [ ] ( )
attribute= public ,private, protected, static
types    = id, number, string

BNF														FIRST							FOLLOW
PROG	= BASE_LIST										FIRST(BASE)						\0
BASE_LIST = { BASE }									FIRST(BASE)						FOLLOW(BASE)
BASE 	| IF | FOR | FOR_EACH | WHILE | TRY	 			FIRST(BASE)						} \0
		| RETURN | YIELD | RENAME
        | BLOCK | CLASS | OBJ | METHOD 
        | INC ; | EXP_LIST ; | ASSIGN ;
IF      = if (EXP) BASE { else IF } [else BASE]			if								FOLLOW(BASE)
FOR		= for (ASSIGN; EXP; INC) BASE					for								FOLLOW(BASE)
FOR_EACH= foreach (id in EXP) BASE						foreach							FOLLOW(BASE)
WHILE   = while (EXP) BASE								while							FOLLOW(BASE)
TRY		= try BLOCK { catch '(' MEMBER ')' BLOCK }			try							FOLLOW(BASE)
BLOCK 	= '{' BASE_LIST '}'								{								FOLLOW(BASE)
CLASS   = class id is MEMBER BLOCK						class							FOLLOW(BASE)
OBJECT	= MEMBER [id] BLOCK								id id							FOLLOW(BASE)
METHOD  = MEMBER id '(' EXP_LIST ')' BLOCK				id (							FOLLOW(BASE)
INC		= MEMBER OP_INC									id								) ;
ASSIGN  = MEMBER_LIST = EXP_LIST						id =							;
MEMBER_LIST = [MEMBER] { , MEMBER }						id								= 
EXP_LIST= [EXP] { , EXP }								FIRST(EXP)						) ;
EXP   	= PRE_OP1 MEXP | MEXP { OP2 MEXP}				number string id PRE_OP1 (		POST_OP1 ) ; ,
MEXP    = ( EXP ) |  ITEM { OP2_MUL ITEM }				number string id (				OP2 ) ;
ITEM	= MEMBER | CALLS | LIST							number string id				OP2_MUL ) ;
		| number | char | string				
ORDER   = CALLS | MEMBER | number | char
LIST    = '[' { ITEM } ']'
RANGE   = ITEM .. ITEM
CALLS   = ONE_CALL { . ONE_CALL }						id								POST_OP1 OP2 ) ;
ONE_CALL= id ['(' EXP_LIST ')']							


MEMBER  = id { . id }									id								id = OP_INC { ) ,
RETURN  = return EXP_LIST;								return							}


?MAPPING = ITEM : ITEM
?YIELD   = yield EXP_LIST ;								yield							FOLLOW(BASE)
?RENAME	 = rename id=id ;								rename							FOLLOW(BASE)
?THROW   = throw MEMBER;
?USE     = use id MEMBER;

MODULE  = module [\w.]* '{' [^\{]? '}'
INCLUDE = include [\w.]*;
REWRITE = rewrite [\w.]* '{' RULE_LIST '}'
RULE_LIST = RULE { ; RULE }
RULE    = '{' regexp => toexp }

參考文獻